Name:
jethwa Monali A
Paper
no : 8 The Cultural studies
Topic
: Fives Types of the Cultural Studies
Sam
: 2 M.A part 1
Submitted:
Dept. Of . English
M. K
Bhavnagar University.
Roll
no: 20
Email
Id : monalijethwa19@gmail.com
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Cultural Studies :-
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My Assignment topic is the
Five Types of the cultural studies
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In my assignment so many point discusses here:-
- What is Culture?
- What is the cultural studies?
- Five types of the cultural studies.
- Conclusion
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What is culture ?
·
Culture means it is the related to the particular society and
its idea ,custom ,and art.
·
Culture is the word which is impossible to described in the
word.
·
culture is the consists of activates such as the art and philosophy
which are considered to be important for the development of the civilization
and peoples mind even particular society or civilization especially consider in
the relation to its beliefs way of life or art.
·
Culture is the words it's impossible to elaborated in the one
word.
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What is the cultural studies ?
·
We know very well about culture . we all are studied about it
culture is the so difficult as well as the cultural studies very much hard to
define.
·
Cultural studies is the study which is the department of the
Anthropology, Archaralogy, History ,sociology ,philosophy, Geography
,literature, and our own.
·
In the Cambridge
English dictionary states in that find out culture is...
"The way of life especially
the general customs and belief the particular group of a people at a particular
time".
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Four Goals of the cultural studies:
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Cultural studies is the interdisciplinary field investing the
way in which creates and transforms individual experience .everyday life ,social
relation and power.
·
Cultural studies is the composed of elements of the Marxism
,feminism, gender studies ,
anthropology, and sociology race and aesthetics studies all this field are
attention on social and culture.
·
In a cultural studies in which we have analysed a wide
variety of forms of cultural expression like : T.V, Films , art , and all.
·
Five types of cultural
studies :-
·
1] British cultural materialism :-
In British cultural studies is referred to as cultural
materialism and it has to be tradition.
Two British major writers of the 19th century talk about the
British culture like: MATTHEW ARNOLD
redefines the " givens " of British culture , EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR'S Primitives culture 1871.
In the modern Britain two
trajectories for the "culture" developed.
1- One led back to the past and the feudal hierarchies that
ordered community in the past.
2- second led to words a futures ,socialist, utopia that
would to be annual and distinction between labour and leisure classes and
transformation of status not fixity and
the norm.
Cultural materialism began in the 1950s with the work of
F.R Leavis ,
influenced by the Matthew Arnold's analysed of bourgeois
culture .
Jonathan Dollimore and
Alan sinfield
author of culture of political Shakespeare had influenced in
the development to be seminal text .
They have identified
the fore characteristic of the cultural materialism as theoretical
devise.
·
2] New Historicism :-
New Historicism
historical criticism insisted that to understand literary piece . we need to
understands author biography and social
background what idea come on that time.
New
historicism to find the meaning in so many text by considering the work within
the frame work of the privilege idea and assumption of the privilege idea.
In which i
have observed so many things here history is not a chronicle of fact and events
but rather a complex elaborating of the human reality.
Michel
Warner
phrases New Historicism motto as , ......
"The text is historical and History is textual".
New
historicists seek " Surprising coincidence " that may cross generic ,
Historical and cultural lines in borrowing metaphor ceremony as popular
culture.
H. Aram
veeser introducing an anthology of
essay. New historicism is often a criticized
for lacking a group of as practiced by professional historians.
If the we have
could be called 1970s " The age of Deconstruction".
·
3] American Multiculturalism :-
As we
discussed above that this American multiculturalism have its different four
types like:
1-African American Writers
2-Latin Writers
3-American Indian Writers
4-Asian American Writers
In 1965 the
watts race riots drew worldwide attention the civil rights acts had passed in
the 1964.
the terms is
used in two broad way likes
descriptively or informative multiculturalism centre on thought in political philosophy about cultural and
religious differences.
Multiculturalism
in the America has long silent history.
·
1]- African American Writers:-
African
American studies is pursued in America
literature criticism from the recovery
of 18th century poet.
like Phillis
Wheatley to experimental novels of Toni
Morison.
In "
Shadow and Act " 1964 novelist Ralph Ellison argues that...
" Any Viable theory of Negro American
culture obligates us to
fashion
a more adequate theory of
American culture as a
whole"
African American writers continued to enter the
mainstream with the protest novel of the 1940s.
Ralph Ellison
was influenced by Naturalism but even by American tradition such as the
Trickster , Jazz , Blues ," signifying ,"and political system.
This novel of
a physical and spiritual Odyssey by a black man who moves in north direction
and his journey to reclaim and culture in the novel of ,"
Invisible Man " (1949) .
·
2 ]- Latin Writers :-
The term
" Latina/o " to indicate a broad sense of ethnicity among Spanish
speaking people in the united state.
Mexican
American are the largest and most influential group of Latina/ o ethnicities in
the united States.
Some Latinas
such as" Maria Amparo Ruiz De
Burton " author of the
1885 novel of "California" ,
"The Squatter " and , " The
Don".
Three cultural
archetype have been central to Latina
identity :-
1) La Malinche
2) La Virgen De Guadalupe
3) La Llorona,
but this are
newly interrogated today.
Rudolfo
Anaya's 'Bless Me Ultima' 1973 perhaps
the best known novel of the Latino , focuses on impact of World War 2 on small
community in New Mexico.
Two other by
Contribution to Latino fiction are :
1- Oscar Zela Acosta , author of' The
Revolt of Cockroach people' 1973
2- Richard Rodriguer - "
Hanger of Memory" 1981.
·
3] -African Indian Literature :-
In
predominantly oral cultures , story-telling passes on religious belief moral
values, political codes , and practical lesson of everyday life.
For American
Indian stories are source of strengths in the face of centuries of silencing by
Euro-Americans.
two types of
Indian literature have evolved as a fields of study .Tradition Indian
literature includes tales ,song and oratoryturies that have existed on the
north American continent for centuries composed in tribal language.
·
4] -Asian American Writer :-
Asian American
literature is written by people of Asian descent in the united state that addressing the
living in the society that views them as alien.
Asian American
autobiography inherited descriptive strategies, Maxine Hong Kingston's: the
women warrior : memories of girlhood Among Ghost 1976
illustrate.
Asian American
studies has been focused on writer from Hawaii Guam Philippines.
·
4] Postmodernism and popular culture :-
- What is Post
modernism ?
" It's like post structuralism and deconstruction is a critique of
the aesthetic of the preceding age, but
beside more critique ,postmodernism celebrates the very act of dismembering
tradition".
A late 20th
century style and concept in architecture and criticism which represent a
departure from modernism and is ,a characteristic by the self-conscious use of
earlier style and convention mixing of
different artistic style and media and general
destruct of theories.
john walkins
Chapman suggested " a post modern style of painting " even post modern
had been used to described new forms of the arts and music as well as postmodern music is either music of the most
important post modernist concern is the
Deconstructed.
Post modern is
the fashionable terms used to described contemporary culture or the recent
culture which we live amongst .We are inhabiting a postmodern world.
post moderns
media rejects the idea of that any media product that or the text any greater
value then other .
The
distinction between media and rejecting has collapsed ,postmodern text become
mediated version of reality audience start interpreting reality based on
interpretation rather than experience,
major figure
of the high modernism : Virginia Woolf ,James Joyce , Ezra pound ,
T.S Eliot, etc...
- Popular
Culture :-
The term "
Popular culture " was coined in the 19th century or entirely about
ides, perspective , attitude , images , and other phenomena .
the
Abbreviated from " pop" for popular culture id connected with our
society and our everyday life.
Before 1960s there was a time when popular culture not a
studies of academic way but when it was just a popular culture only, comic
books ,television films , advertising popular music and computer cyber culture
they access how much culture factors as ethnicity , race, gender , class ,age, region,
and sexuality, are shaped by in popular culture.
this chart
reshaped the popular culture :
there are four
types of popular culture analysis :-
This all
analysis seek to get beneth and surface meaning and examine implicit social
meanings:
Sometimes
popular culture can be over take and repackage a literary work that is
impossible to original text about without references about to many layers of
the popular culture
here we will
add to one more point the popular culture reconstruction of a work like Frankenstein
can also open it to unforeseen new interpretation.
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5] Post- colonial
studies :-
It is on
academic discipline featuring method of intellectual discourse that analysed
,explain , and respond, to the culture legacies of colonialism and imperialism.
It is the
concerned with oppression of non European races by Europeans once
post colonial
concern with creating spaces for subaltern and marginalized group, it can also
be seen as continuation of colonialism through globalization.
Post
colonialism refers to a historical phase undergone by third World countries in
after the decline of the colonialism like: Asia ,Africa ,Latin America and Caribbean
separated from the European Empire.
Many third
world writer focus on both colonialism and the changes created in the post
colonial culture.
So many
product made in European country but
that all products not popular on their
but in the third world is became a very popular like :
McDonald's ,
Levi 's ,M TV, CCN.etc...
Homi.K.Bhabha
Post- Colonial theory involves analysis
of nationalist ethnicity and politics with post structuralism idea of identity
and define the post colonial identity as hybrid Construction.
We can see
some powerful conflicts arising from the colonial past in Rushdie's Midnight's Children
1980 for exam, which deconstruct from a post colonial viewpoint the
histories of modern India.
At First,
glance past - colonial studies would seems to be a matter of history and
political sciences rather than literary criticism.
Post-colonial
Theorist study worked by ;-
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Conclusion:
As we all know now about the ,what is culture studies ,post-culture and
knowing also about four goals and types of cultural studies and in that
represent the reality and culture etc.,
and define the related to particular
ideas, customs ,art, Societies etc.
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